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WILTSHIRE is a south-western inland shire to the south of the Thames, and north of the. shires on the shore of the English Channel. It is bounded on the north-west by Gloucestershire, on the north-east by Berkshire, on the east by Hampshire, on the south by Hampshire and Dorsetshire, and on the west by Somerilet<Jhire. Its shape is that of a long <Jquare, with a round bend to the north. It lies between 60° 55' and 51° 4'3' north latitude, and 1° 30' and 20 22' west longitude, and its area is 1,350 square miles, or 86.5,092 acres. The greatt-st length trom north to south is 5t miles, and the greatest breadth from east to west is 37 miles. The populatiOn at various periods has been as follows :-1801, 183,820; 1811,191,853; 1821,219,574; 1831_,237,244; 1841,256,280; 1851, 254,221 ; 1861, 249,311 ~ma.Ies 122,592, females 126,719). The climate on the downs is healthy, but the air is cold and sharp; in the north-west it is milder. NorthEast Wilts is dr.ained by the feeders of the Thames, NorthWest Wilts by those of the Severn, and South Wilt3 by the beads of the Salisbury Avon. The shire is cut by a line or downs across the middle, to the south of which ;.a Salisbury Plain; in the south another line of downs runs right a(ll'OSlt. The great cluster of Marlborough Downs fills the 11t>rtb-east to the south of Swindon. In the north rise the Thames head, Flagham brook, and Swill brook, joining the Churn, or true Thames, near CrickJade; it then flows along the north border of Wilts, taking the Key, or Ray, and the Cole. The Key, which is a millstream about 16 miles long, rises in the hills jiear Wroughton, .r,asses near Swindon, Rud JOins the Churn near Cricklade. The Cole, which is 13 mile:J long, rises to the east of the Key, and flows towards J...echlade. The Kennet rises near Wroughton, within l'rlarlborougb Downs, flows south, then ~ast to Marlborough, and so past H ungerford to Reading and the Thames; at Marl!Jorough it. receives the Ogbourn, near Ramsbury tl1e A.ldbourn, and near Hungerford a brook from Bedwin. The Kennet flows for 20 miles through Wiltshire. The north or Bristol Avoa rises in the Cotswold Hills in Gloucestershire, enters Wiltshire near Luckington, and flows east to Malmesbucy, where it takes the Tetbury brook, 9 miles long; it then :8ow1 south to Chippenbam: near Chippenham, the Marden, 10 miles long, flows iu from Calne; the Avon flows south to Melksham, where the Devizes river, 13 miles long, flows in; frmn Melksham the way of the Avon is south-westerly by Bradford towards Batl1, and 110 to the Severn below Bristol: the Mere, trom Trowbridge, flowt in near Bradford. The feedert of the Frome rise gear Warwiuster, and, join the Avon belo\V Bradford a :1 The l:)alisbnry Avon is formed by five arms spreading over South Wilts-the Ebele, the Nadder, the Wiley, the Avon, and the Bourn; the Ebele flows along the south border from east to west, and falls into the Avon below Salisbury : the N adder, 18 miles long, rises near Sh afte.sbury, •nder the name of the .Don, and flows east to Wilton, where Jt joins the Wiley i the Wiley, or Willy, rises,. under the Bame of the Deverill, near Mere, flows north wwards Warminsterand past Heytesbnry, below which a small bourn. • The north and north-west partt of Wllt!!i belong to the oolite formations, anrl the rest to the chalk. 'l'he line may be taken by Higl•worth, Wootton Bassett, Calne, Melksham, Trowbridge, and Fro me, most of. which are on the oolite. A small portion of oolite comes in at the south-west. · The chalk di~trict is divided into two by the vnle of. Pewsey, or that in wllich the heads of the Sali!!bury Avon rise, and which belongs to the greensand. The northern chalk district is that of .Marlborough Downs, anrt the southern that of Salisbury ~lain. This southern formation is broken by three plots where the chalk has bf!en laid bare, the upper valleys of the Salisbury Avon, tbe Wiley, and the Nadder. Many of the hills on the Downs are very high. Inkpeu Beacon, where the borders of Berks, Ha.nts and Wilts come together, is the highest chalk hill, being 1,011 feet high. The Salisbury downs or plains form a ~h bleak ground, with scanty grass, and unpeopled, except ia the valleys of- the rivers, where the tonns and hamlets Jh:. close together. The greensand forms l broad strip skirhng the chalk, by the south of Swindon, near Calne, Devizes, Market LaYington, Westbury, 'Varminster, and Mere#· it likewise crops out elsewhere. South and south-east o Salisbury belongs to the Hampshire plastic clay. Kimmeridge clay, oolitie ti"eestone, coral rag, calcareous grit, Oxford clay, corn brash, and forest marble, belonging to the upper, middle, and lower oolite, crop out in strips beyond tbe w-eensand: thesa have many quarries of buildio~ stone. There are mineral springs in the Oxford clay. The hills in Jrene:rnl do not rise above 400 feet high; bot the highest, Alfred'& Hill, near Stourhead, is about 800 feet high. In South Wilts and North-East Wilts there is t only in the dales. The great downs are grazed by s thongh of late, in 1.10me places, they have been broke for tillage. North-West Wilts has a subsoil of broken s ... with clay or reddish chalky loam lying upon it: here o. richer soils, with much corn land, meadow and dairygrouo the grazing is for cows and oxen, and much cheese is ma There is little market gardening. Wilts yields limestone and freestone, chalk, marl, bric earth, com, ale, oxen, cheese, sheep, and wool, and th are some woollen works in the towns; ali!O otber manuf tu res. The railways belong to the Great We;;tern and So W to.stern Companies: the main line of the Great West comes in from London, south of Higbworth, pa88e8 Swindon, Wootton Btjs&ettl Chippenham, Corsham, Box, to Bath, and 80 to Brl$tol Exeter, and South Dt 8windon is the head locdmotive ~tory of the rompan: branch runs from Swindon by Purton anrl Minety Cirencester, to Cheltenliam, Gloucester, Birmingh1 so to all parts of the north and east of the islar Corsham a line is made1 called the Wilts, SoD' Weymouth, by or near Bradford and Trowbridl"' bury, Wanninster, and .Frome, and from \l branch line to Salisbury was opened in J unf' as the Salb.bury and Warounster line. A from Reading tc) H ungerford, and thenee ' and Devizes, llud joins the main line at _&J., from Cbippenham to <All ne was opened in called the Calne Railway Company, but 6 miles long, flows in; the Wiley, near Wiltou, joins the N adder, and then flows to the Avon at Salisbury, being 27 miles loug; the Avon r1Se8 near Devizes, in North WI.l~ and keeps & southerly direction, taking near Rushall the Pewsey atream, and 110 going past Amesbury to Salisbury; the Bourn rise:5 in the middle downs to the north of Ludgersball, and flows southerly for 23 miles to 8aliMJury; below Salisbury the Avon, after taking the Ebele, flows into Hnmpshil"e, and so towards the tea at Christehurch; its whole length in }Viltsbire is 4l miles. Near Mere some of the feeders of the Dorsetshire StOUJ' rise. Great W~teru Railway Company. The line runs froto Basing~~toke through Andot and thence by Dinton and Tisbnry to Ye T' None of the Wiltshire rivers are of much uae for bearing cralt, but tbey turn mills and feed the canall.. the West of England. A branch from Salt ., <'i1 Romsey, to lJishopstoke, connects Salisbur mouth and the South Coast line. • By the stoppage of the eoaeh traffie to Glo. So106setshire, Dtvon~ and Cornwall. m1111y tow have loet muca.
Object Description
Rating | |
Title | Kelly's Directory of Wiltshire, 1867 |
Full title | [Kelly's Directory of Wiltshire, 1867 (spine title)] |
Description | The Wiltshire section from a composite directory, with page numbers beginning at 205. Title page, preface & indexes are missing. There is also some loss of text at the start and end of the directory. |
Subject | Historical directories |
Period covered | 1860-1869 |
Location | United Kingdom -- England -- Wiltshire |
Place (county) | Wiltshire |
Region | South West England |
Identifier | WIL18004 |
Language | English |
Publisher | Kelly |
Date of publication | 1867 |
Type | Directory |
Format | |
Rights | You may use this item in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 UK: England & Wales License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/ |
Metadata Licence | You can re-use this metadata record under a Creative Commons Zero ‘no rights reserved’ licence: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ |
Download available | Yes |
Contact us | Please contact [email protected] for enquiries |
Collection | Historical directories |
Themes | Directory |
Description
Title | Kelly's Directory of Wiltshire, 1867 - Page 1 |
Full title | [Kelly's Directory of Wiltshire, 1867 (spine title)] |
Description | The Wiltshire section from a composite directory, with page numbers beginning at 205. Title page, preface & indexes are missing. There is also some loss of text at the start and end of the directory. |
Subject | Historical directories |
Period covered | 1860-1869 |
Location | United Kingdom -- England -- Wiltshire |
Place (county) | Wiltshire |
Region | South West England |
Publisher | Kelly |
Date of publication | 1867 |
Type | Directory |
Collection | Historical directories |
Themes | Directory |
Full Text | WILTSHIRE is a south-western inland shire to the south of the Thames, and north of the. shires on the shore of the English Channel. It is bounded on the north-west by Gloucestershire, on the north-east by Berkshire, on the east by Hampshire, on the south by Hampshire and Dorsetshire, and on the west by Someriletrtb-east to the south of Swindon. In the north rise the Thames head, Flagham brook, and Swill brook, joining the Churn, or true Thames, near CrickJade; it then flows along the north border of Wilts, taking the Key, or Ray, and the Cole. The Key, which is a millstream about 16 miles long, rises in the hills jiear Wroughton, .r,asses near Swindon, Rud JOins the Churn near Cricklade. The Cole, which is 13 mile:J long, rises to the east of the Key, and flows towards J...echlade. The Kennet rises near Wroughton, within l'rlarlborougb Downs, flows south, then ~ast to Marlborough, and so past H ungerford to Reading and the Thames; at Marl!Jorough it. receives the Ogbourn, near Ramsbury tl1e A.ldbourn, and near Hungerford a brook from Bedwin. The Kennet flows for 20 miles through Wiltshire. The north or Bristol Avoa rises in the Cotswold Hills in Gloucestershire, enters Wiltshire near Luckington, and flows east to Malmesbucy, where it takes the Tetbury brook, 9 miles long; it then :8ow1 south to Chippenbam: near Chippenham, the Marden, 10 miles long, flows iu from Calne; the Avon flows south to Melksham, where the Devizes river, 13 miles long, flows in; frmn Melksham the way of the Avon is south-westerly by Bradford towards Batl1, and 110 to the Severn below Bristol: the Mere, trom Trowbridge, flowt in near Bradford. The feedert of the Frome rise gear Warwiuster, and, join the Avon belo\V Bradford a :1 The l:)alisbnry Avon is formed by five arms spreading over South Wilts-the Ebele, the Nadder, the Wiley, the Avon, and the Bourn; the Ebele flows along the south border from east to west, and falls into the Avon below Salisbury : the N adder, 18 miles long, rises near Sh afte.sbury, •nder the name of the .Don, and flows east to Wilton, where Jt joins the Wiley i the Wiley, or Willy, rises,. under the Bame of the Deverill, near Mere, flows north wwards Warminsterand past Heytesbnry, below which a small bourn. • The north and north-west partt of Wllt!!i belong to the oolite formations, anrl the rest to the chalk. 'l'he line may be taken by Higl•worth, Wootton Bassett, Calne, Melksham, Trowbridge, and Fro me, most of. which are on the oolite. A small portion of oolite comes in at the south-west. · The chalk di~trict is divided into two by the vnle of. Pewsey, or that in wllich the heads of the Sali!!bury Avon rise, and which belongs to the greensand. The northern chalk district is that of .Marlborough Downs, anrt the southern that of Salisbury ~lain. This southern formation is broken by three plots where the chalk has bf!en laid bare, the upper valleys of the Salisbury Avon, tbe Wiley, and the Nadder. Many of the hills on the Downs are very high. Inkpeu Beacon, where the borders of Berks, Ha.nts and Wilts come together, is the highest chalk hill, being 1,011 feet high. The Salisbury downs or plains form a ~h bleak ground, with scanty grass, and unpeopled, except ia the valleys of- the rivers, where the tonns and hamlets Jh:. close together. The greensand forms l broad strip skirhng the chalk, by the south of Swindon, near Calne, Devizes, Market LaYington, Westbury, 'Varminster, and Mere#· it likewise crops out elsewhere. South and south-east o Salisbury belongs to the Hampshire plastic clay. Kimmeridge clay, oolitie ti"eestone, coral rag, calcareous grit, Oxford clay, corn brash, and forest marble, belonging to the upper, middle, and lower oolite, crop out in strips beyond tbe w-eensand: thesa have many quarries of buildio~ stone. There are mineral springs in the Oxford clay. The hills in Jrene:rnl do not rise above 400 feet high; bot the highest, Alfred'& Hill, near Stourhead, is about 800 feet high. In South Wilts and North-East Wilts there is t only in the dales. The great downs are grazed by s thongh of late, in 1.10me places, they have been broke for tillage. North-West Wilts has a subsoil of broken s ... with clay or reddish chalky loam lying upon it: here o. richer soils, with much corn land, meadow and dairygrouo the grazing is for cows and oxen, and much cheese is ma There is little market gardening. Wilts yields limestone and freestone, chalk, marl, bric earth, com, ale, oxen, cheese, sheep, and wool, and th are some woollen works in the towns; ali!O otber manuf tu res. The railways belong to the Great We;;tern and So W to.stern Companies: the main line of the Great West comes in from London, south of Higbworth, pa88e8 Swindon, Wootton Btjs&ettl Chippenham, Corsham, Box, to Bath, and 80 to Brl$tol Exeter, and South Dt 8windon is the head locdmotive ~tory of the rompan: branch runs from Swindon by Purton anrl Minety Cirencester, to Cheltenliam, Gloucester, Birmingh1 so to all parts of the north and east of the islar Corsham a line is made1 called the Wilts, SoD' Weymouth, by or near Bradford and Trowbridl"' bury, Wanninster, and .Frome, and from \l branch line to Salisbury was opened in J unf' as the Salb.bury and Warounster line. A from Reading tc) H ungerford, and thenee ' and Devizes, llud joins the main line at _&J., from Cbippenham to <'i1 Romsey, to lJishopstoke, connects Salisbur mouth and the South Coast line. • By the stoppage of the eoaeh traffie to Glo. So106setshire, Dtvon~ and Cornwall. m1111y tow have loet muca. |
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