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0 FOL . · THIS fine and important county is terminated on the north and north-east by lhe German ocean; on tm, south, and for a short distance on the 8outh-east, by the county of Suftolk; on the west by the Lincolm.1hire Washes, and by part of Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire. It is almost entirely in:mlated by the sea and by th~ rivers, which latter form its internal boundary. Its figure is very compact, presenting an almost unbroken convexity to the ocean, and a curve somewhat mdented to the land-thus nearly forming an oval, of which the diameter from north to south is forty-five miles, and that from east to west about seventy; its circumference is about one hundred and seventy miles, and its area comprises two thousand and ninetv-two square milrs, or 1,338,880 statute acres. In size it ranks as the fourth county in England, and in population ruJ the ninth. NAME and ANCIENT HISTORY.-This county derives its name from the Sa.xons, it forming the northern district of East Anglia, and having the Saxon compound North-folc, signifying the 'northern people' or the 'northern folk.' In the time of the Romans it formed a patt of that warlike kingdom of the ancient Britons, the Cenomannii, a tribe of the Icenii. The Romans found in the aboriginal inhabitants of this county a race of heroes who spurned the idea of captivity, and who, with the illustrious queen Boadicea at their head, defeated their proud and cruel oppressors, and made a horrible carnage among their troops; the unfortunate sequel, with the subjugation of the ill-fated Britons, and the abandonment by them of their ancient province to tbeir oonquerors, are too well known to require repetition. The geographical position of Norfolk with reference to Denmark laid its coast open to the barbarous incursions of the Danes; and Sweyn, King of Denmark. availed himself of this facility to avenge the treacherous massacre of his people by Ethelred Il; he landed on the coast, and, marching his troops into the interior, burnt the cities of Norwich and Thetford. In the reign of Edward VI, at the era of the reformation, a dangerous and alarming insurrection broke out in Norfolk, conducted by Ket, a tanner, of Norwich; the pretext for this rebellion was the dissolution of the monastelies and the alienation of the church lands : Ket acted as supreme administrator of affairs, and, being seated under a stately oak in the vicinity of Norwich (since designated the 'oak of reformation'), he issued his decrees with all the authority of a sovereign dictator; John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, afterwards Duke of Northumberland, soon, however, marched against the insurgents, and easily dispersed them-Robert Ket was hung in chains on the walls of Norwich castle. Christianity was introduced into this part of East Anglia at a very early period: Felix was constituted bishop, and fixed h1s residence at Dunwich, m Suffolk; the diocess was afterwards divided int.o two districts, Dunwich, and North Elmham, in Norfolk; the episcopal see was subsequently translated from Elmham to Thetford., and from thence to Norwich, 'where it now remains. The first bishop of Norwich was Herbert Luzigna, who died in 1119; the present bishop is a baron of the realm, and sits in the house of peers-also as titular abbot of St. Bennet's, in Holme, the only abbot now in England. At the commencement of the civil war Norfolk took au active part against Charles, and at no period of the struggle did the royal forces obtain much advantage in the county; Lynn, it is true, was at first taken possession of by the king's adherents-but it was quickly besieged and taken by the Earl of Manchester's troops. SOIL and CLIMATE, PRODUCE and MANUFACTURES.-The face of the county of Nmfolk varies less than in most tracts of equal extent in the kin~dom: not a single hill of more than moderate hei$ht is to be seen, but its surface is in many parts broken mto gentle undulations. The SOIL of the county IS known to have a greater variety in it than is found in any other in England, and may be separated into five sorts or qualities: the district round Norwich consists of a sandy loam, and also of stiff wet land, composed of a mixtnre l}f sand and clay; and to the west and north-west of the city a light sandy ground prevails; marsh land may be considered a fifth district by itself, consisting of ooze, formed by depositions from the sea. There arc large tracts of swampy ground in the vicinity of Loddon, frequently inundated by land-floods, and producing little else than sedge and reeds; several of the western hundreds, from Thetford northwards, are open and bare, consisting of extensive heaths, having a light sandy or gravelly soil. The CLIMATE, allowing for the contiguity of this county to the ocean, and its particular exposure to north -and north-east winds, is more healthful, serene and mild than might be expected. The inhabitants near the coast are sometimes afflicted with ague: with the exception of this disease, which is not so prevalent in the interior of the county, the air of Norfolk is highly salubrious and pleasant. The AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE of this county comprises all sorts of grain in abundance, and natural grasses; pease, beans, vetches, cole-seed, clovers and other artificial grasses; burn et, cocksfoot, chiccory, cabbages, mangel-wurzel, lucerne, carrots and potatoes it is only of late years that the latter invaluable root has been adopted as a field-course. Among h·regular crops may be included mustard; saffron, likewise, is growll in many parts; fla..x is cultivated about Downham, and hemp near Old Buckenham. By the patriotic exertions and laudable example of the Earl of Leicester, every modern improvement in agriculture is fairly and experimentally laid open to the wbole county. The fenny districts supply great quantities of butter, wluch is commonly sent to London under the name of 'Cambridge' butter. The sheep are a hardy, active and rather small breed, much valued for their mutton; and innumerable Scotch and other beasts are fattened for the metropolitan and home markets. Turkies are reared here to a larger size than in any other county in Englandz and form an article of considerable profit to the smaller farmers; they are much esteemed in London, ana bring very high prices, particularly about the festive season of Christmas, at which period immense numbers are forwarded to the capital. Rabbits are extremely numerous on the sandy heaths; and game of all kinds abounds throughout the county, especially pheasants, which are bred and preserved to such an extent as to prove a great annoyance to the farmer. There is not a county in England so distinguished for the industry of its inhabitants, nor is there one supelior for the beauty and neatness of the farms. The NORFOLK FARMER exhibits, both in himself and his farm, characteristic traits of excellence : industrious, economical, yet hospitable; habitually neat in his person; and presenting in his farm everything that can evince the most sedulous attention, and comprehensive judgment, with respect to its agricultural condition. A celebrated topographer, in eulogizing Nmfolk, enthusiastically yet justly says 'Whether we survey this county with respect to its climate, its population, its trade and commerce, the character of its inhabitants, the diversified beauties of prospect wl1ich embellish it, or especially with respect to the improved state of agliculture, it may with propriety be denominated THE GLORY OF ENGLAND. The MANUFACTURES Of this COUnty, although of a most Important and extensive character, are nevertheless confined to a small space Norwich may be considered the nucleus of the prosperous trade arising from the labours of the loom. The fabrics chiefly consist of bombasins, camlets, crapes, and other articles made from worsted and silk : many diversities of shawls are likewise manufactured here, also damasks, cotton and woollen goods to a small extent, and a variety of fancy articles; the weaving of broad silks has been introduced by some spirited manufacturers; and it is anticipated that this branch must ultimately succeed to a considerable extent in this part, from the facility existing in machinery. and the number of expert artisans. Yarmouth enjoys considerable consequence, in the double capacity of a port and fishing-town; from its herring fishery especmlly, and the peculiar and unrivalled mode of curing that fish, it has long enjoyed great prosperity and fame. The mackerel fishery is likewise of great importance, and this county also participates in the Greenland fishery. Other towns in Norfolk have their several advantages, lmt no particular branch of manufacture is prominently exhibited, or rnn be particularized. RIVERS, CANALS and RAILWAYS.-The principal RIVERS which have their source in this COUnty, and others that pass through it, are the GREAT OusE, the LITTLE OusE, the NBN, the WAVENEY, the WENSUM, the YARE, the BURE and the NAR. The Great Ouse rises in Huntingdonshire, and after pa~sing Huntingdon, St. Ives and Ely, enteN this county on the south·west, and, running qorth-east, falls into the German oceaJI 453
Object Description
Rating | |
Title | Pigot's Directory of Norfolk, 1839 |
Full title | [Pigot's Directory of Norfolk, 1839] |
Description | The Norfolk section from a composite Pigot's directory (pp.453-526). |
Subject | Historical directories |
Period covered | 1830-1839 |
Location | United Kingdom -- England -- Norfolk |
Place (county) | Norfolk |
Region | East of England |
Identifier | LUL13001 |
Language | English |
Publisher | Pigot |
Date of publication | 1839? |
Type | Directory |
Format | |
Rights | You may use this item in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 UK: England & Wales License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/ |
Metadata Licence | You can re-use this metadata record under a Creative Commons Zero ‘no rights reserved’ licence: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ |
Download available | Yes |
Contact us | Please contact [email protected] for enquiries |
Collection | Historical directories |
Themes | Directory |
Description
Title | Pigot's Directory of Norfolk, 1839 - Page 1 |
Full title | [Pigot's Directory of Norfolk, 1839] |
Description | The Norfolk section from a composite Pigot's directory (pp.453-526). |
Subject | Historical directories |
Period covered | 1830-1839 |
Location | United Kingdom -- England -- Norfolk |
Place (county) | Norfolk |
Region | East of England |
Publisher | Pigot |
Date of publication | 1839? |
Type | Directory |
Collection | Historical directories |
Themes | Directory |
Full Text | 0 FOL . · THIS fine and important county is terminated on the north and north-east by lhe German ocean; on tm, south, and for a short distance on the 8outh-east, by the county of Suftolk; on the west by the Lincolm.1hire Washes, and by part of Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire. It is almost entirely in:mlated by the sea and by th~ rivers, which latter form its internal boundary. Its figure is very compact, presenting an almost unbroken convexity to the ocean, and a curve somewhat mdented to the land-thus nearly forming an oval, of which the diameter from north to south is forty-five miles, and that from east to west about seventy; its circumference is about one hundred and seventy miles, and its area comprises two thousand and ninetv-two square milrs, or 1,338,880 statute acres. In size it ranks as the fourth county in England, and in population ruJ the ninth. NAME and ANCIENT HISTORY.-This county derives its name from the Sa.xons, it forming the northern district of East Anglia, and having the Saxon compound North-folc, signifying the 'northern people' or the 'northern folk.' In the time of the Romans it formed a patt of that warlike kingdom of the ancient Britons, the Cenomannii, a tribe of the Icenii. The Romans found in the aboriginal inhabitants of this county a race of heroes who spurned the idea of captivity, and who, with the illustrious queen Boadicea at their head, defeated their proud and cruel oppressors, and made a horrible carnage among their troops; the unfortunate sequel, with the subjugation of the ill-fated Britons, and the abandonment by them of their ancient province to tbeir oonquerors, are too well known to require repetition. The geographical position of Norfolk with reference to Denmark laid its coast open to the barbarous incursions of the Danes; and Sweyn, King of Denmark. availed himself of this facility to avenge the treacherous massacre of his people by Ethelred Il; he landed on the coast, and, marching his troops into the interior, burnt the cities of Norwich and Thetford. In the reign of Edward VI, at the era of the reformation, a dangerous and alarming insurrection broke out in Norfolk, conducted by Ket, a tanner, of Norwich; the pretext for this rebellion was the dissolution of the monastelies and the alienation of the church lands : Ket acted as supreme administrator of affairs, and, being seated under a stately oak in the vicinity of Norwich (since designated the 'oak of reformation'), he issued his decrees with all the authority of a sovereign dictator; John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, afterwards Duke of Northumberland, soon, however, marched against the insurgents, and easily dispersed them-Robert Ket was hung in chains on the walls of Norwich castle. Christianity was introduced into this part of East Anglia at a very early period: Felix was constituted bishop, and fixed h1s residence at Dunwich, m Suffolk; the diocess was afterwards divided int.o two districts, Dunwich, and North Elmham, in Norfolk; the episcopal see was subsequently translated from Elmham to Thetford., and from thence to Norwich, 'where it now remains. The first bishop of Norwich was Herbert Luzigna, who died in 1119; the present bishop is a baron of the realm, and sits in the house of peers-also as titular abbot of St. Bennet's, in Holme, the only abbot now in England. At the commencement of the civil war Norfolk took au active part against Charles, and at no period of the struggle did the royal forces obtain much advantage in the county; Lynn, it is true, was at first taken possession of by the king's adherents-but it was quickly besieged and taken by the Earl of Manchester's troops. SOIL and CLIMATE, PRODUCE and MANUFACTURES.-The face of the county of Nmfolk varies less than in most tracts of equal extent in the kin~dom: not a single hill of more than moderate hei$ht is to be seen, but its surface is in many parts broken mto gentle undulations. The SOIL of the county IS known to have a greater variety in it than is found in any other in England, and may be separated into five sorts or qualities: the district round Norwich consists of a sandy loam, and also of stiff wet land, composed of a mixtnre l}f sand and clay; and to the west and north-west of the city a light sandy ground prevails; marsh land may be considered a fifth district by itself, consisting of ooze, formed by depositions from the sea. There arc large tracts of swampy ground in the vicinity of Loddon, frequently inundated by land-floods, and producing little else than sedge and reeds; several of the western hundreds, from Thetford northwards, are open and bare, consisting of extensive heaths, having a light sandy or gravelly soil. The CLIMATE, allowing for the contiguity of this county to the ocean, and its particular exposure to north -and north-east winds, is more healthful, serene and mild than might be expected. The inhabitants near the coast are sometimes afflicted with ague: with the exception of this disease, which is not so prevalent in the interior of the county, the air of Norfolk is highly salubrious and pleasant. The AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE of this county comprises all sorts of grain in abundance, and natural grasses; pease, beans, vetches, cole-seed, clovers and other artificial grasses; burn et, cocksfoot, chiccory, cabbages, mangel-wurzel, lucerne, carrots and potatoes it is only of late years that the latter invaluable root has been adopted as a field-course. Among h·regular crops may be included mustard; saffron, likewise, is growll in many parts; fla..x is cultivated about Downham, and hemp near Old Buckenham. By the patriotic exertions and laudable example of the Earl of Leicester, every modern improvement in agriculture is fairly and experimentally laid open to the wbole county. The fenny districts supply great quantities of butter, wluch is commonly sent to London under the name of 'Cambridge' butter. The sheep are a hardy, active and rather small breed, much valued for their mutton; and innumerable Scotch and other beasts are fattened for the metropolitan and home markets. Turkies are reared here to a larger size than in any other county in Englandz and form an article of considerable profit to the smaller farmers; they are much esteemed in London, ana bring very high prices, particularly about the festive season of Christmas, at which period immense numbers are forwarded to the capital. Rabbits are extremely numerous on the sandy heaths; and game of all kinds abounds throughout the county, especially pheasants, which are bred and preserved to such an extent as to prove a great annoyance to the farmer. There is not a county in England so distinguished for the industry of its inhabitants, nor is there one supelior for the beauty and neatness of the farms. The NORFOLK FARMER exhibits, both in himself and his farm, characteristic traits of excellence : industrious, economical, yet hospitable; habitually neat in his person; and presenting in his farm everything that can evince the most sedulous attention, and comprehensive judgment, with respect to its agricultural condition. A celebrated topographer, in eulogizing Nmfolk, enthusiastically yet justly says 'Whether we survey this county with respect to its climate, its population, its trade and commerce, the character of its inhabitants, the diversified beauties of prospect wl1ich embellish it, or especially with respect to the improved state of agliculture, it may with propriety be denominated THE GLORY OF ENGLAND. The MANUFACTURES Of this COUnty, although of a most Important and extensive character, are nevertheless confined to a small space Norwich may be considered the nucleus of the prosperous trade arising from the labours of the loom. The fabrics chiefly consist of bombasins, camlets, crapes, and other articles made from worsted and silk : many diversities of shawls are likewise manufactured here, also damasks, cotton and woollen goods to a small extent, and a variety of fancy articles; the weaving of broad silks has been introduced by some spirited manufacturers; and it is anticipated that this branch must ultimately succeed to a considerable extent in this part, from the facility existing in machinery. and the number of expert artisans. Yarmouth enjoys considerable consequence, in the double capacity of a port and fishing-town; from its herring fishery especmlly, and the peculiar and unrivalled mode of curing that fish, it has long enjoyed great prosperity and fame. The mackerel fishery is likewise of great importance, and this county also participates in the Greenland fishery. Other towns in Norfolk have their several advantages, lmt no particular branch of manufacture is prominently exhibited, or rnn be particularized. RIVERS, CANALS and RAILWAYS.-The principal RIVERS which have their source in this COUnty, and others that pass through it, are the GREAT OusE, the LITTLE OusE, the NBN, the WAVENEY, the WENSUM, the YARE, the BURE and the NAR. The Great Ouse rises in Huntingdonshire, and after pa~sing Huntingdon, St. Ives and Ely, enteN this county on the south·west, and, running qorth-east, falls into the German oceaJI 453 |
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